Key risks are regulatory and political pressure on search and ads, sustained heavy AI
capex potentially crimping
free cash flow, and intense AI competition from
hyperscalers and focused model labs. While core economics remain excellent, Alphabet’s size, visibility, and centrality to online information make it a policy target. Execution risk on large new AI initiatives (trust layer, agents, robotics, health) is non‑trivial, and realizing their full
TAM by 2030 may prove slower than investors expect.